📄️ Understanding Semiconductors: The Building Blocks of Modern Electronics
If copper wires are open pipes for electricity, semiconductors are smart gates that can open, close, or partially open on command.
📄️ Practical Diodes and Transistors: From Theory to Real Circuits
Theory explains how diodes and transistors should behave.
📄️ Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) Basics
A BJT works like a tap or valve — a small control action produces a much larger effect.
📄️ BJT as Switch and Amplifier
A BJT can behave in two completely different ways depending on how it is biased.
📄️ MOSFET Basics
If a BJT controls current using current, a MOSFET controls current using voltage.
📄️ MOSFET as Switch (Very Important for Embedded)
In embedded systems, MOSFETs are the bridge between tiny logic signals and real-world power.
📄️ MOSFET as Amplifier (Intro)
Although MOSFETs dominate switching applications in embedded systems, they can also operate as linear amplifiers. Understanding this mode is important—not because you’ll use it every day in embedded work, but because it explains what a MOSFET really does between OFF and ON.
📄️ Interfacing Sensors
Sensors convert real-world physical quantities (temperature, pressure, light, motion) into electrical signals.
📄️ Powering Embedded Systems Correctly
Powering an embedded system is not just about supplying voltage.
📄️ Zener Diodes and Voltage References
Introduction
📄️ Schottky Diodes and Fast Switching
Introduction
📄️ Photodiodes and LEDs
Photodiodes and Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are optoelectronic semiconductor devices that form the foundation of modern optical communication systems, imaging technology, and display applications. These devices convert between electrical signals and light through the principles of quantum mechanics and semiconductor physics. Together, they enable technologies ranging from fiber-optic communications carrying terabits of data per second to simple indicator lights in consumer electronics.
📄️ Thyristors and SCRs
Introduction