Every piece of data inside a meter — the kWh counter, the voltage reading, the serial number, the event log — has a unique address. That address is an OBIS code.
What is an OBIS Code?
OBIS stands for Object Identification System. It is a six-part code that uniquely identifies any measurement or data object in any meter, regardless of vendor.
A - B : C . D . E * F
| Field | Range | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| A | 0–9 | Medium (0=abstract, 1=electricity, 6=heat, 7=gas, 8=water) |
| B | 0–64 | Channel (meter number in multi-channel setups, 0=all) |
| C | 0–255 | Physical quantity (1=active power+, 2=active power-, 3=reactive power Q1...) |
| D | 0–255 | Measurement type (8=time integral = energy, 7=instantaneous) |
| E | 0–255 | Tariff (0=total, 1=tariff 1, 2=tariff 2...) |
| F | 0–255 | Billing period (0=current, 1=previous billing period...) |
Reading OBIS Codes — Examples
| OBIS Code | Meaning |
|---|---|
1.0.1.8.0.255 |
Active energy import (kWh), total, current billing period |
1.0.2.8.0.255 |
Active energy export (kWh), total |
1.0.3.8.0.255 |
Reactive energy import (kVArh), total |
1.0.32.7.0.255 |
Instantaneous voltage, phase L1 |
1.0.31.7.0.255 |
Instantaneous current, phase L1 |
1.0.13.7.0.255 |
Instantaneous power factor, total |
1.0.1.6.0.255 |
Maximum demand (kW), current period |
0.0.1.0.0.255 |
Clock (date and time) |
0.0.96.1.0.255 |
Meter serial number |
0.0.99.1.0.255 |
Load profile (15 min interval data) |
0.0.99.2.0.255 |
Event log |
Decoding an Example
Take 1.0.1.8.0.255:
Result: Total imported active energy (kWh) for the current billing period — the number printed on your electricity bill.
Tariff Codes
Indian utilities and many European utilities use Time-of-Use (ToU) tariffs — different rates at different times of day.
| E value | Tariff |
|---|---|
| 0 | Total (sum of all tariffs) |
| 1 | Tariff 1 (e.g. peak hours) |
| 2 | Tariff 2 (e.g. off-peak) |
| 3 | Tariff 3 (e.g. night) |
So 1.0.1.8.1.255 = kWh consumed during peak tariff hours, and 1.0.1.8.2.255 = kWh consumed during off-peak hours.
OBIS Codes in India (IS 16444)
The Indian standard IS 16444 defines a mandatory set of OBIS objects every meter must support. Key ones include:
- Cumulative energy (all four quadrants)
- Maximum demand (monthly, with timestamp)
- Load profile at 15 and 30 minute intervals
- Daily energy registers
- Tamper and power failure event logs
- Instantaneous parameters (V, I, PF, frequency)
Key Takeaway
If you know the OBIS code, you know exactly what data you are asking for — regardless of meter brand or country. When debugging a DLMS integration, always start by verifying the OBIS code. A single wrong digit in field C or D gives you completely different data.